(Kyoto University Graduate School of
Medicine, Dept. of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Fukui Prefectural University)
Effects of calcium alkaline ionized water on formation
and maintenance of osseous tissues in rats were examined. In the absence of
calcium in the diet, no apparent calcification was observed with only osteoid
formation being prominent. Striking differences were found among groups that
were given diets with 30% and 60% calcium. Rats raised by calcium ionized water
showed the least osteogenetic disturbance. Tibiae and humeri are more
susceptible to calcium deficiency than femora. Theses results may indicate that
calcium in drinking water effectively supplements osteogenesis in case of
dietary calcium deficiency. The mechanism involved in osteoid formation such as
absorption rate of calcium from the intestine and effects of calcium alkaline
ionized drinking water on maintaining bone structure in the process of aging or
under the condition of calcium deficiency is investigated.
Osteoporosis that has lately drawn public
attention is defined as "conditions of bone brittleness caused by
reduction in the amount of bone frames and deterioration of osseous
microstructure. " Abnormal calcium metabolism has been considered to be
one of the factors to contribute to this problem, which in turn is caused by
insufficient calcium take in, reduction in enteral absorption rate of calcium
and increase in the amount of calcium in urinal discharge. Under normal
conditions, bones absorb old bones by regular metabolism through osteoid
formation to maintain their strength and function as supporting structure. It
is getting clear that remodeling of bones at the tissue level goes through the
process of activation, resorption, reversal, matrix synthesis and
mineralization. Another important function of bones is storing minerals
especially by coordinating with intestines and kidneys to control calcium
concentration in the blood. When something happens to this osteo metabolism, it
results in abnormal morphological changes. Our analyses have been focusing
mostly on the changes in the amount of bones to examine effects of calcium
alkaline ionized water on the reaction system of osteo metabolism and its
efficiency. Ibis time, however, we studied it further from the standpoint of histology.
In other words, we conducted comparative studies on morphological and kinetic
changes of osteogenesis by testing alkaline ionized water, tap water and
solution of lactate on rats.
Three week old male Wistar rats were divided into 12
groups by conditions of feed and drinking water. Feeds were prepared with 0%,
30%, 60% and 100% of normal amount of calcium
and were given freely. Three types of drinking water, tap water (city water,
about 6ppm of Ca), calcium lactate solution (Ca=40ppm) and alkaline ionized
water (Ca =40ppm, pH=9, produced by an electrolyzer NDX 4 LMC by Omco OMC Co.,
Ltd.) were also given keely. Rats' weight, amount of drinking water and feed as
well as the content of Ca in drinking water were assayed every day. On the 19th
and 25th days of testing, tetracycline hydrochloride was added to the feed for
48 hours so as to bring its concentration to 30mg/kg. On the 30th day, blood
samples were taken under Nembutal anesthesia, and tibiae, humeri and femora
were taken out to make non decalcified samples. Their conditions of osteoid
formation and rotation were observed using Villanueva bone stain and Villanueva
goldner stain.
Three groups that were given different types
of drinking water and the same amount of Ca in the feed were compared to find
out no significant difference in the rate of weight gain and intakes of feed
and drinking water. Alkaline ionized water group had significantly greater
amount of tibiae and humeri with higher concentration of calcium in the bones.
The group of 0% calcium in the feed saw
drastic increase in the amount of osteoid. There was not much difference by
types of drinking water. Almost no tetracycline was taken into tibiae and
humeri, although a small amount was identified in ferora. As a result,
osteogenesis went as far as osteoid formation, but it was likely that
decalcification has not happened yet, or most of newly formed bones were
absorbed.
As to the groups of 30% and 60% calcium in the
feed, increase in the area of tetracycline take in was more identifiable with
higher clarity in descending order of alkaline ionized water, calcium lactate
solution and tap water groups. Especially in case of tap water group,
irregularity among the areas of tetracycline take in was distinctive. The group
of 100% calcium in the feed saw some improvements in osteogenesis in descending
order of alkaline ionized water, calcium lactate solution and tap water. In any
case, bone formation seemed to be in good condition at near normal level.
Alkaline ionized water was regarded to be effective for improvements of
osteogenesis under the conditions of insufficient calcium in the feed. Also, the extent of dysosteogenesis differed
by the region. That is, tibiae and humeri tend to have more significant
dysosteogenesis than femora.
In addition, there is a possibility that osteo
metabolism varies depending on enteral absorption rate of calcium, adjustment
of discharge from kidneys and functional adjustment of accessory thyroid in the
presence of alkaline ionized water. We are now studying its impact on calcium
concentration in the blood. We are also examining whether it is possible to
deter bone deterioration by testing on fast aging mouse models.
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